The latest estimates (as of 2024) for births and deaths worldwide and in Indonesia, along with comparisons to their total populations are: ### **Births Per Year** **a. World** - **Annual births**: ~134 million (approx. **367,000 per day**) - **Global population**: ~8.1 billion - **Comparison**: Roughly **1.65% of the world’s population is born each year**. **b. Indonesia** - **Annual births**: ~4.3 million (approx. **11,800 per day**) - **Population**: ~279 million (2024 estimate) - **Comparison**: About **1.54% of Indonesia’s population is born yearly**—slightly lower than the global rate. --- ### **Deaths Per Year** **c. World** - **Annual deaths**: ~60 million (approx. **164,000 per day**) - **Comparison**: ~**0.74% of the global population dies yearly**. **d. Indonesia** - **Annual deaths**: ~1.8 million (approx. **4,...
An analysis of the annual cost of implementing “Free PGS for All” in California, compared to the state’s overall budget: --- 1. 🧠 California’s Annual Budget (2025–26) Total State Spending (general fund + special funds): ≈ $322 billion Health & Human Services (HHS) budget alone: ≈ $283.9 billion total (includes federal funds) Behavioral Health (mental health): MHSA “state‑directed” spending: ~$153 million Plus new $6.38 billion bond for behavioral health infrastructure (Prop 1; spread over years) --- 2. 💵 Estimated Annual Cost for Free PGS Let’s run a plausible pilot model: IVF cycles/year in CA: ~30,000 Cost per PGS + counseling: $10,000 Annual cost: 30,000 × $10,000 = $300 million Expanding to broader prevention (including non-IVF early risk screening) might double it: Estimated total annual program cost: $500 million–$1 billion --- 3. ⚖️ Comparison to Existing Budgets Category Annual Cost (approx.) PGS for IVF (state‑wide) $300 mil...
An analysis estimating the annual cost of implementing free PGS-based mental illness prevention in Singapore, and how that compares with the nation’s annual budget: --- 🇸🇬 1. Singapore’s 2025 Annual Budget Overview Total government expenditure (FY2025): S$123.8 billion (~US$92 billion) Operating expenditure: S$97.0 billion; development expenditure: S$26.8 billion Health ministry spending: ~S$20.9 billion (~17% of ministry expenditure) Mental health expenditure: about 3% of healthcare budget, around S$434.6 million in 2022 --- 2. Estimated Annual Cost for Free PGS in Singapore 🧪 Scenario A: IVF‑based PGS Access Estimated IVF cycles/year in Singapore: 5,000 (a mix of local and foreign usage) Cost per PGS + counseling: ~S$14,000 (USD USD equivalent ~10 000) Total cost: 5,000 × S$14,000 = ~S$70 million per year 🌐 Scenario B: Expanded Screening (IVF + Early Risk Screening) Includes early-life embryo or child risk screening Estimated cost ra...
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